Demodectic eye: symptoms and treatment

According to various data of Demodeks, 60 to 90% of the total population in the world is infected. However, the microscopic dimensions of the parasite (, mm) and a small amount of it allow it to exist on the body of people, often even unaware of infection. Under favorable conditions, Demodeks begins to multiply rapidly and can shake the skin of the face, eyelids and eyelashes.

Description of the disease

Favorite habitats of the parasite are eyelids, superciliary arches, nasolabial folds, chin and forehead, external auditory canal.In the eye area, the colony of mites are located in meibomian and sebaceous glands, hair follicles.

At room temperature t and sufficient humidity, the life cycle of the mite is 9 days. The female lays eggs in the hair follicle, after which it dies. After 60 hours from the egg enters the larva, which, after several stages of development, completes the cycle by multiplication.

Parasites feed on dead cells of the epithelium, releasing the products of vital activity, which, being toxic, often lead to inflammation of the surrounding tissues: eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea.The most favorable environment for development is t from +30 to + 40 ° C. At t below + 14 ° C, the parasite falls into a stupor, and at t above + 52 ° C it immediately perishes.

Important!The most favorable environment for activating the parasite is vegetable oils and petroleum jelly. If, for some reason, the sebaceous glands are blocked, the parasite begins to multiply rapidly and provoke the appearance of acne and even barley.

Causes

The defeat of the tick can occur when contacting an infected person or using a parasite infected thing. However, in normal quantities, the tick does not cause any unpleasant symptoms. Activation of his vital activity can occur in the event of failure in the functioning of internal systems of the body, directly related to the work of immunity:

• Endocrine;
• Digestive;
• Nervous.

The increased reproduction of the parasite is promoted by disturbances in the work of the sebaceous glands, changes in the composition of the cutaneous gland fat, liver disease, the use of cosmetics with hormonal or other biological components.

Among the factors provoking the activation of ticks, we can include:

• High t in the spring-summer period, as well as during sunbathing or in solariums;
• Elevated t in industrial or residential premises;
• Use of too hot water in water procedures;
• Increased skin acidity;
• Deviations in visual acuity (nearsightedness or farsightedness), when glasses or contact lenses are not applied.

Contribute to active reproduction of mites can affect the chlorinated water, taking oral contraceptives, the presence of bad habits. Any factor capable of disrupting the immune system can lead to the appearance of demodectic eyes.

Symptoms

In most cases, the eyelids are affected: they become swollen, inflamed, flakes or crusts begin to appear along the edge of the lashes. If the conjunctiva is involved in the process, then demodectic blepharoconjunctivitis is diagnosed.

The main signs of the disease include:

• Itching, irritation and redness of the conjunctiva;
• Edema and hyperemia of the eyelids;
• Active loss of eyelashes;
• Appearance on the edge of the eyelids sticky secret, and after sleep - pus;
• Cutting and lacrimation in the eyes.

With a weak lesion, the disease can be asymptomatic and can only be detected by examining the ophthalmologist. Heavy progressive processes require immediate medical treatment.

The main symptom of the disease is constant itching and inflamed eyelids. In the presence of these signs, one should not postpone the visit to the ophthalmologist, since prolonged demodicosis can cause the development of the most serious complications.

Possible complications

By itself, demodectic is quite easy to treat medication. However, if untimely or incorrect use of drugs can lead to a number of serious pathologies, not only the eyelids, but also the eye:

• Eye blepharitis- chronic inflammation of the edges of the eyelids, in which all the symptoms of demodectic are transferred to a new, more pronounced level;
• Halyazion- a chronic neoplasm at the edge of the eyelid. It may increase or decrease in size, but does not have a pathological effect;
• Dermatitis eyelids- an allergic disease that affects the skin and occurs with prolonged exposure to the products of the mite demodex's life on the skin.

In addition to inflammatory processes in the eye area, activation of the parasite weakens local immunity, which becomes a provoking factor for the attachment of various kinds of infections. They can affect not only the tissues of the eyelids, but also the eye, causing the development of blepharitis, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, iridocyclitis, etc. pathologies.

Treatment

Even a visual examination can cause a demodectic eye. The patient will complain about:

• Increased fatigue and eye irritation, increasing after exposure to sunlight or washing;
• The appearance of crusts and scales on the edge of the eyelids, as well as their adhesion;
• Frequent appearance of barley, acne.

To confirm the diagnosis, a rapid examination of eyelashes is carried out under a microscope, for which the patient takes several cilia from the upper and lower eyelids.

Medication Therapy

The use of medicines in the treatment of demodectic can be carried out after the detection of the degree of lesions, as well as the diagnosis of concomitant pathologies.

To eliminate infection, the following drugs can be used:

• Holinomimetics: Pilocarpine, Physostigmine, Armin. This group of drugs acts in an expanding manner on the pupil, simultaneously paralyzing the muscles of the mites;
• Antibacterial: preparations containing metronidazole (Demodex Complex). This group of agents can be used both topically and orally;
• Antihistamines: Loratadine, Azelastine. Used to relieve the symptoms of allergic manifestations, which can complicate treatment;
• Antiseptics: zheltotutnaya, ichthyol, sulfuric, tar oil. They are effective in combating the tick;
• Artificial tear(or analogs). The drugs contribute to the protection of tissues from the development of the "dry" eye syndrome, preventing the development of complications.

Since in most cases demodicosis is a consequence of manifestations of general diseases, it is necessary to adjust the functioning of the immune system and restore metabolic processes. For this purpose, preparations are used from a number of interferons, Timalin, tincture of Echinacea, Tactivin.

ethnoscience

Treatment of demodicosis is a long process, no less than a month, and in cases of chronic pathology it can last up to a year. Therefore, as an additional or alternative treatment can be used traditional medicine:

• Use gruel from laundry soap as a lotion for two weeks with a preliminary steaming out of the eyelids, this can greatly alleviate the condition;
• Decoction of tansy (1 tbsp. l. for 250 ml of water) for 3 minutes. insist and filter, then drip a few drops for eyelids once a day. The course of treatment is at least 2 weeks;
• Make infusion of chamomile, wormwood and celandine (1 h. l. ) in 1 liter of water, after which it is used for washing;
• At 1 tbsp. water takes 1 hour. l. oak bark and boil for 5 minutes, then insist and use for lotions;
• Clean tissue moistened in fresh aloe juice and applied to the eyelids on, h., With every 10 minutes. compress update;
• Eyelid massage is an effective remedy, it is performed before each treatment procedure, massaging the eyelids from the middle to the edges and stimulating the progression of the parasite to the skin surface.

Folk remedies in the majority contain vegetable components, many of which are strong allergens. Therefore, before using the drug, always consult with your doctor about the advisability of using it.

Prevention

To prevent parasite infection and activate it on the skin, it is necessary to pay attention to some preventive measures:

• The main thesis- observe the rules of personal hygiene, constantly use soap, and the most simple varieties. Do not use other people's hygiene products or give them to someone else's use;
• A balanced diet is of no less importance, allowing the body to receive and produce all the substances necessary to maintain normal immunity.And this means that if you try to activate, any microbe gets into an unfavorable environment for implementation;
• It is mandatory to use sunglasses, which will not allow you to reach the indicators of the t-century values ​​necessary for activating the tick.

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If you get sick or are treated, then preventive measures become crucial - they can protect against repeated self-infection. To this end, it is necessary:

• Use for toilet and washing with disposable napkins;
• Iron with pillowcases and towels;
• Disinfect glasses and shaving instruments, as well as their cases;
• Disinfect all things that have come into contact with the skin of the face: scarves, hats, shawls, gloves;
• Completely change makeup and perfume.

In the period of treatment, close contacts in the family should be limited, and preventive measures should be used for healthy family members. Refuse to visit the baths, saunas and swimming pools, avoid overexertion of eyes, sudden changes in t, and also to exclude alcohol, fatty, salty and spicy food from the ration.

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conclusions

Demodectic eyelids are a very unpleasant infection, which under certain conditions can quickly become active and cause a number of ocular pathologies, with severe inflammatory complications.

However, compliance with a number of simple preventive measures, and, most importantly, timely treatment to the doctor, guarantee a complete and without consequences cure. In the process of treatment, do not forget about the importance of preventive measures during this period, because the infection is transmitted by contact.

Pay attention to the state of the body's defenses: healthy eating, sports or walking, hardening procedures. Do not forget about the power of positive emotions. If your immunity is constantly nourished, then the disease simply does not remain a chance - and demodecosis as well.

Also read about eye diseases like atrophy of the optic nerve and pterygium.