Features of the vision test according to the Sivtsev table

The ability to see well is a gift of fate, and not everyone today can boast a 100 percent visual acuity.Often happens, that deterioration of sight comes suddenly: letters before eyes blur, subjects bifurcate and so on. A man asks himself a question: how could this happen?Yes, it's very simple. Our life today hardly comes without a computer, a TV. Ecology is bad, food is mostly unhealthy.All this contributes to an increase in the number of users of contact optics. But many problems with vision can be prevented. According to the World Health Organization, about 80% of all cases of amblyopia (decreased vision and loss of ability to 100% correction) could be prevented or cured in time.Modern diagnostics makes it possible to obtain reliable information about the state of the visual analyzer. Today, it is possible to identify in a timely manner a potential threat to vision and determine the extent to which a person needs correction.

Why is it important to check your eyesight?

Regular check of vision is carried out with the purpose of prevention and timely detection of visual system problems.

Regular eye testing is the best way to protect your eyes. If diseases are detected at an early stage, the chances of curing them without surgery significantly increase.

How often should I visit the oculist?It depends on the health of the eyes. Those who do not have significant vision problems, ophthalmologists give the following recommendations:

Sivtsev's table was developed in the beginning of the 20th century.

• Children under 6 years of age should be checked at least once every 3 months.In the preschool period, the children are burdened with eye strain, as parents begin to actively prepare the child for school and drive them to the development sections. The eyes of children experience considerable stress. That is why it is important to apply regularly to the oculist, in order to prevent the development of myopia.
• Adolescents under 17 years of age should be screened once every six months.Children of this age group like to sit in front of a computer or TV. Radiation from technology contributes to poor eyesight. Therefore, parents need to monitor the health of children's eyes and do not forget about checking their eyesight.
• People under 40 are advised to visit the office of an ophthalmologist once a year.For people of this age group, sharp changes in visual acuity are not characteristic. However, it is important to remember about the prevention of eye diseases.
• At the age of 40-45 years, every six months to check the eyes of a specialist.It is during this period that the risks of eye diseases increase. Regular check of vision will help in time to detect and neutralize the ailment.
• People between 45 and 65 years of age need to check their eyesight once every 3 months.It is known that almost every person after 45 years of age develops long-sightedness. It is necessary to order glasses on time and to keep the visibility clear.
• People older than 65 years are advised to examine the condition of the eye system on a monthly basis.

Those who have any violations of visual acuity, you need to contact a specialist as needed, but at least 2 times a year. This category includes people suffering from pathological diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc.).

It is also necessary to regularly check the eyes of those who work a lot at the computer.At 80% of them there is a so-called "computer syndrome" (reddening and irritation of the eyes, carvings, headache, burning sensation in the eyes).

Sivtsev's table

Each of us at least once in his life underwent a visual acuity check with the oculist and remembers that the survey was carried out on a table with images.Despite the emergence of modern diagnostic technologies, such a simple means of testing visual acuity, like visometry, is still in demand among all ophthalmologists.

In eye terminology, visual acuity is defined as the ability of the eye to distinguish two points from the distance between them, tending to a minimum. There is a generally accepted rule according to which vision is considered one hundred percent (V = 1.0), if the eye is able to distinguish two distant points with an angular resolution of 1 minute (1/60 degree).

In simple terms, visual acuity is a measure of a person's vigilance, which makes it possible to measure the clearness of vision.For the norm of visual acuity in,.Ophthalmologists check the visual acuity using special tables with optotypes. There are several of them, but in Russia, as a rule, Sivtsev's tables are used.

Features

Sivtsev's table was developed as far back as the beginning of the 20th century and is still used as the most effective way to determine visual acuity.On its basis, a children's table is also developed to test vision. The only difference between them is that the letters are replaced with symbols that are understandable to small patients.In the Sivtsev table not all letters of the Russian alphabet are used, but only some of them.

In the table - only 12 lines. In each of them a certain set of letters is located, the size of which decreases towards the bottom of the table.The top line contains the largest letters, in the bottom - the smallest. On the left side of each line, the distance in meters is indicated, with which the patient must clearly distinguish the letters written at 100% of the vision.For the upper row is given 5 meters, for the lowest. On the right side of the lines are values ​​determining the visual acuity.Normal vision is considered when a patient from a distance of 5 meters with each eye is able to see the 10th line of the table.

The letters used in the table have a clear form, are shown in printed format.Each of them is easily recognizable by all. Not all letters are taken, but only 7 of them: W; B; M; H; TO; Y; AND. Why such a set?

It can be assumed that in this case the brain is hard to remember and reproduce the sequence of these letters. This excludes the possibility of memorizing the table. In addition, these letters do not add up to words, which is also very important.

Thus, the real ability of the eye, not the brain, is checked.After all, the human brain is able to reproduce words, even seeing a few letters in combination.

The distance between the letters also has its own explanation.It is believed that a healthy eye can see separately two points, with an angular distance of, 5 mm from 5 meters viewing.This is the distance between the columns of the letter "Ш" in the tenth line. The distance of 5 meters is also not accidental.It is proved that with emmetropia (that is, normal refraction of the eye) on the retina of the eye, parallel rays are grouped with exactly 5 meters.

How is the verification carried out?

Visometry is a standard examination that is performed under normal conditions. The patient is located 5 meters from the table Sivtseva (strictly in a straight line).

The level of illumination is very important, which should be 700 lux.Then check the visual acuity of both eyes, first right, then left eye. The eye that does not participate in the inspection is closed with a special shutter, so that the person does not squint.Full will be considered sharp, if from 1 to 3 lines no errors were allowed, from 4 to 6 there was only one error allowed, and from 7 to 10 line - only 2 errors.

Quality of inspection

Sivtsev's table is used not only in our country, but also in many other countries.True, characters are replaced by letters of the native alphabet.Almost any ophthalmic examination necessarily implies working with the table. In most cases, after carrying out the visometry, the ophthalmologist accurately determines the degree of visual acuity of the patient.

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conclusions

Visual acuity is an important indicator of human health, therefore special tables are created to diagnose this indicator.It is important to regularly check eyesight to prevent the occurrence of serious irreversible eye diseases.That is why it is worth paying attention to the recommendations of ophthalmologists and regularly undergo examinations for preventive and curative purposes. In addition to Sivtsev's table, there is also a table of Ryabkin's views on color perception for drivers and not only.